الأزمات القلبية تزداد مع برودة الطقس
ربط باحثون بين زيادة التعرض للنوبات القلبية وانخفاض درجة حرارة الجو والضغط الجوي وزيادة سرعة الرياح وتراجع فترات سطوع الشمس.
و أفادت دراسة جديدة موسعة أن الأزمات القلبية تحدث في الكثير من الأحيان عندما تنخفض درجات الحرارة, وذكر تقرير نشر في دورية جمعية القلب الأميركية أنه استنادا إلى بيانات طبية ومعلومات عن الطقس خلال فترة تزيد عن 15 عاما، ربط الباحثون بين زيادة التعرض للنوبات القلبية وانخفاض درجة حرارة الجو والضغط الجوي وزيادة سرعة الرياح وتراجع فترات سطوع الشمس.
وقال كبير الباحثين إن الشيء الفريد في الدراسة الجديدة هو أنه “تمت متابعة جميع الأزمات القلبية التي تحدث في بلد بأكمله لمدة 16 عاما بالإضافة إلى بيانات الطقس في يوم حدوث النوبة القلبية”.
وقال الدكتور ديفيد إيرلينج رئيس قسم أمراض القلب في جامعة لوند ومستشفى سكونه الجامعي في السويد لرويترز هيلث “لدينا بيانات عن أكثر من 280 ألف أزمة قلبية وثلاثة ملايين معلومة من بيانات معهد الأرصاد الجوية”.
وفحص إيرلينج وزملاؤه سجلات القلب السويدية التي تسجل كل المرضى الذين عانوا من أعراض تشبه الأزمة القلبية ونقلوا إلى وحدات الرعاية المركزة أو مختبرات القسطرة التاجية. وتضم السجلات معلومات صحية عن المرضى من بينها السن وكتلة الجسم والتدخين من عدمه ونتائج رسم القلب وأنواع التدخلات الجراحية والأدوية والتشخيص.
وحلل إيرلينج وزملاؤه بيانات الطقس والأحوال الجوية من عام 1998 إلى 2013 لنحو 274 ألفا و29 مريضا نصفهم في سن الـ71 أو أكثر. وبينما ارتبط انخفاض درجة حرارة الجو والضغط الجوي وزيادة سرعة الرياح وتراجع فترات سطوع الشمس جميعا بزيادة مهمة من الناحية الإحصائية بخطر الإصابة بأزمة قلبية، ارتبط التأثير الأكثر وضوحا بدرجات الحرارة.
ووجد الباحثون زيادة في الإصابة بالأزمات القلبية في الأيام التي تقل فيها درجة الحرارة حتى تبلغ مستوى التجمد. وانخفض معدل الإصابة عندما ارتفعت درجات الحرارة إلى ثلاث أو أربع درجات مئوية.
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