المعهد التونسي للدراسات الاستراتيجية يكشف من خلال دراسة حول الإرهاب والمرأة : للمراة 4 ادوار داخل التنظيمات الإرهابية.. والفتاوى المشجعة على الإرهاب اهم دافع لانخراطها في هذه المنظومات
نظم المعهد التونسي للدراسات الاستراتيجية التابع لرئاسة الجمهورية ندوة علمية بعنوان ” الارهاب والمراة ” كشف فيها ادوار النساء داخل التنظيمات الارهبية واسباب التحاق النساء بهذه الجماعات
وجاء في تقرير المعد انه عندما تتعرض المرأة للعنف والتعذيب أو التحرش والاغتصاب، الجميع يتساءل “كيف حدث هذا الأمر؟” يهتم الجميع ويتفاعل ويطبق القانون بكل صرامة، كيف لا والمرأة عماد المجتمع. ولكن عندما تصبح المرأة متواطئة في أعمال إرهابية يصبح الامر معقدا ويزداد تعقيدا..
ويتبادر الى الاذهان سؤالا، كيف يمكن للمرأة أن تفعل شيئا من هذا القبيل؟ كيف يمكنها وهي المسؤولة عن تربية النشا وعن المجتمع ان تتورط في مثل هذه الاعمال…
وافاد التقرير انه في السنوات الأخيرة، وخاصة بعد ما سمي بثورات الربيع العربي ازداد انخراط المرأة بنشاط وعمل التنظيمات الإرهابية ويفسر عدد من الخبراء ذلك ان النساء يلتحقن بالجماعات الإسلامية المتطرفة والإرهابية التي تروج للعنف لعدد من الأسباب من بينها، اسباب شخصية واسباب سياسية واجتماعية ….. ومن بين أبرز الأسباب الشخصية هو الشعور بالقوة وإمكانية التأثير وتغيير الواقع المرير الذي تعيشه المرأة ومن خلال هذه الأعمال تعتقد أنها قادرة على تغيير الواقع.
ويرى التقرير ان أدوار النساء داخل التنظيمات المتطرفة على اختلاف أشكالها ينقسم إلى أربعة أدوار رئيسية، حيث تتدرج من دعم الأزواج الأعضاء بالتنظيمات الارهابية، إلى تربية النشء وإعداد جيل جديد من المتطرفين. وتمتد إلى نشر الأفكار التكفيرية وتجنيد أخريات مباشرة او عبر شبكات التواصل الاجتماعي وقد نجحن بشكل غير مسبوق فى نشر الأيديلوجيات المتطرفة وجمع الأموال عبر الانترنت، كما أظهرن براعة فائقة في تهريب السلاح ونقل الأموال، ومؤخراً شاركن في التخطيط للعمليات الإرهابية وتنفيذها والغريب بعض الشيء هو تزايد عدد النساء الإنتحاريات، ويأتي السبب من خلال انتشار فتاوى إسلامية تشجع المرأة على الجهاد لنيل الشهادة. وقد بينت الإحصاءات مثلا أن عام 2016 شهد مشاركة 29 امرأة في عمليات انتحارية مختلفة،
وبصفة عامة هناك حافزين رئيسيين لاستخدام الانتحارييات الإناث على وجه الخصوص. الأول على المستوى الشخصي تحاول النساء من خلال هذه الأعمال السعي لتحقيق المجد وطلب المغفرة والاعتقاد أن ذلك يؤدي الى دخول الجنة، أما الحافز الثاني فهو مرتبط بالمال من خلال الإعتقاد أن الانتحار سيقدم لعائلتها المجد والمال من خلال وعود الجماعات الإرهابية، بالإضافة الى العامل النفسي من خلال الاعتقاد أن لا فرق بين الرجل والمرأة في المشاركة بالأعمال الجهادية
أما بالنسبة للتنظيمات الإرهابية نفسها، فإن استخدامها للمرأة هي ميزة استراتيجية ومهمة أكثر من مشاركة الرجال أنفسهم بهذه العمليات، فالمرأة تستطيع بسهولة التهرب من إجراءات الكشف والأمن، بالإضافة الى العامل الإعلامي الذي سيقوم بتضخيم الخبر في حال اكتشاف أن المرأة هي المسؤولة عن العملية والمشاركة فيها، وبالإضافة الى التعاطف الذي ستتلقاه من نساء أخريات يعتبرن أن القضية توحدهم.
ولعل دور المرأة الارهابية يختلف من تنظيم لآخر باعتبار تباين استراتيجيات التنظيمات الارهابية فيما بينها في دور المرأة حيث شهد دور المرأة تطورا داخل تنظيم القاعدة خاصة بعد سقوط العراق بعد ان كان دورها كلاسيكي قبل ذلك ….لكن مع تنظيم داعش كان دورها اكثر جرأة حيث تم انشاء كتيبة خاصة بالنساء سنة 2014 تعرف “بكتائب الخنساء”التي تطور دورها الى ان اصبحت جزءا من الكتائب المشاركة في القتال والعمليات العسكرية و تقودها تونسية تدعى “ام ريان ” ومع تراجع داعش والهزائم المتتالية تقدمت الانتحاريات والكاميكازات والذئبات المنفردات…..
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